{"id":224738,"date":"2026-03-09T12:53:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T10:53:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/?p=224738"},"modified":"2026-03-12T15:28:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T13:28:46","slug":"administrativno-delenie-zemedelsko-proizvodstvo-i-zhivotnovadstvo-po-balgarskite-zemi-prez-xv-xvi-vek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-1\/administrativno-delenie-zemedelsko-proizvodstvo-i-zhivotnovadstvo-po-balgarskite-zemi-prez-xv-xvi-vek\/","title":{"rendered":"Administrative Division, Agricultural Production and Livestock Breeding in the Bulgarian Lands in the 15th \u2013 16th Centuries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"mailto:aysekayapinar43@gmail.com\"><strong>Ay\u015fe Kayap\u0131nar<\/strong><\/a>,<br \/>\nProfessor, Dr.<br \/>\nHistory Department<br \/>\nNational Defense University, Turkish Military Academy<br \/>\nAnkara TURKEY<br \/>\nE-mail: <a href=\"mailto:aysekayapinar43@gmail.com\">aysekayapinar43@gmail.com<\/a><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-2148<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/record\/ABE-4744-2020<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"mailto:leventkayapinar@hotmail.com\"><strong>Levent Kayap\u0131nar<\/strong><\/a>,<br \/>\nProfessor, Dr.<br \/>\nDepartment of Modern Greek Language and Literature<br \/>\nFaculty of Languages History and Geography<br \/>\nAnkara University<br \/>\nS\u0131hiyye\/Ankara TURKEY<br \/>\nE-mail: <a href=\"mailto:leventkayapinar@hotmail.com\">leventkayapinar@hotmail.com<\/a><br \/>\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-4149<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-146829\" src=\"https:\/\/azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"32\" height=\"40\" srcset=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon.jpg 1532w, https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-239x300.jpg 239w, https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-817x1024.jpg 817w, https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-768x963.jpg 768w, https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-1226x1536.jpg 1226w, https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-750x940.jpg 750w, https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/pdf-icon-1140x1429.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 32px) 100vw, 32px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff2600;\">\u0421\u044a\u0434\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pages: 209 \u2013 228\u00a0 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-80-6-v1.05\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-80-6-v1.05<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Ottoman documentation from the 15th \u2013 16th centuries contains interesting and detailed information about agricultural production and animal husbandry in the Bulgarian lands during the early Ottoman rule. A large part of the population in the Ottoman Empire lived in the villages and engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. The Ottoman Empire was therefore primarily an agricultural state. Livestock breeding was part of agricultural production. What did agricultural production include during this period? It is noteworthy that there was production of various grain products, fruits and vegetables, and some legumes. The cultivation of fruit trees and viticulture were important branches of agriculture in Bulgarian lands during the Ottoman rule in the 15th-16th centuries. As far as animal husbandry is concerned, here too some important branches attract the attention of the researcher. The breeding of pigs, sheep, fowls and cattle are the common branches of animal husbandry. The presence of the names of occupations in the rural environment in their Bulgarian version such as \u0441\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440, \u043e\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0440, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0440 testify to the importance of these industries in the Bulgarian lands in the 15th \u2013 16th centuries.<\/p>\n<p>The aim of this study is to trace the agricultural production as well as animal husbandry in the Bulgarian lands, as reflected in the Ottoman documentation of the 15th \u2013 16th century. An attempt will be made to establish the continuity and changes in agricultural production from the 15th to the 16th century.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Ottoman Empire; Bulgarian lands; 15th \u2013 16th centuries; agriculture; farming; animal husbandry<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ay\u015fe Kayap\u0131nar, Professor, Dr. History Department National Defense University, Turkish Military Academy Ankara TURKEY E-mail: aysekayapinar43@gmail.com https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-2148 https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/record\/ABE-4744-2020 Levent Kayap\u0131nar, Professor, Dr. Department of Modern Greek Language and Literature Faculty of Languages History and Geography Ankara University S\u0131hiyye\/Ankara TURKEY E-mail: leventkayapinar@hotmail.com https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-4149 Pages: 209 \u2013 228\u00a0 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-80-6-v1.05 Abstract. Ottoman documentation from the 15th \u2013 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":124332423427287,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[]},"categories":[16903],"tags":[16930,10193,16932,12644,16931,6490],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044a\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XV \u2013 XVI \u0432\u0435\u043a - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/stopanska-istoriya-na-balgarite-v-osmanskata-imperiya-t-1\/administrativno-delenie-zemedelsko-proizvodstvo-i-zhivotnovadstvo-po-balgarskite-zemi-prez-xv-xvi-vek\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044a\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 XV \u2013 XVI \u0432\u0435\u043a - \u0410\u0437-\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0438\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ay\u015fe Kayap\u0131nar, Professor, Dr. History Department National Defense University, Turkish Military Academy Ankara TURKEY E-mail: aysekayapinar43@gmail.com https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4858-2148 https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/author\/record\/ABE-4744-2020 Levent Kayap\u0131nar, Professor, Dr. Department of Modern Greek Language and Literature Faculty of Languages History and Geography Ankara University S\u0131hiyye\/Ankara TURKEY E-mail: leventkayapinar@hotmail.com https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2090-4149 Pages: 209 \u2013 228\u00a0 |\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53656\/978-619-7667-80-6-v1.05 Abstract. 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