{"id":43074,"date":"2018-10-25T14:13:07","date_gmt":"2018-10-25T11:13:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history.azbuki.bg\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/5-xxvi-2018\/"},"modified":"2022-07-29T13:48:16","modified_gmt":"2022-07-29T10:48:16","slug":"5-xxvi-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/history\/historyarticles2016-3\/5-xxvi-2018\/","title":{"rendered":"History, issue 5\/2018, Volume 26"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"top\"><\/a><strong>CONTENTS of issue 5\/2018\u00a0 \/\u00a0 \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 5\/2018<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 12.16px;\">ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0434-\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 60-\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443 \u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439)<br \/>\n[A Look at the Scientific Activity of Prof. Borislav Gavrilov (In Honor of His 60th Anniversary)]<br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Rositza Tasheva<\/em> \u2013 p. 455<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0REGIONAL STUDIES \/\u00a0 \u0420\u0415\u0413\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0418 \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0423\u0427\u0412\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art01\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0444 <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art01\">[The Town of Karlovo and Karl\u0131o\u011flu Waqf]<\/a><em><br \/>\n\/ \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432 \/ Grigor Boykov &#8211; <\/em>\u00a0\u2013 p. 461<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0REVIEWS AND ANNOTATIONS \/\u00a0 \u0420\u0415\u0426\u0415\u041d\u0417\u0418\u0418 \u0418 \u0410\u041d\u041e\u0422\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439-\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<br \/>\n[New Documentary Collection in Modern Bulgarian History]<br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0419\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0432 \/ Yordan Mantarliev<\/em> \u2013 p. 497<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>GUARDIANS OF THE MEMORY \/\u00a0 \u041f\u0410\u0417\u0418\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0418 \u041d\u0410 \u041f\u0410\u041c\u0415\u0422\u0422\u0410<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>100 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430. \u0423\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0438<br \/>\n[100 Years of Independent Poland. Introduction]<br \/>\n\/ <em>\u0412\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0436 \u0421\u0443\u043b\u0435\u044f \/ W\u0142odzimierz Suleja<\/em> \u2013 p. 503<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art02\">\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1885 \u0433. \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a Czas <\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#art02\">[ The Unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia in 1885 in the Publications of the Cracow Newspaper \u201cCzas\u201d] <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>\u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0430 \/ Jaros\u0142aw Rubacha \u2013 <\/em>\u2013 p. 505<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art03\">J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski \u2013 Creator of Independent Poland <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>W\u0142odzimierz Suleja<\/em> \u2013 p. 526<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#art04\">Roman Dmowski (1864 \u2013 1939) <\/a><br \/>\n\/ <em>Krzysztof Kawalec<\/em> \u2013 p. 531<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophy.azbuki.bg\/en\/member-login\/\">Log in to read the full text<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0READ IN THE LATEST ISSUES OF \u201eAZ BUKI\u201c JOURNALS \/ \u0412 \u041d\u041e\u0412\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u0411\u0420\u041e\u0415\u0412\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u0421\u041f\u0418\u0421\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f\u0422\u0410 \u041d\u0410 \u0418\u0417\u0414\u0410\u0422\u0415\u041b\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e ,,\u0410\u0417 \u0411\u0423\u041a\u0418\u201c \u0427\u0415\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0GUIDE FOR AUTHORS \/ \u0423\u041a\u0410\u0417\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f \u0417\u0410 \u0410\u0412\u0422\u041e\u0420\u0418\u0422\u0415<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art01\"><\/a>\u0413\u0420\u0410\u0414 \u041a\u0410\u0420\u041b\u041e\u0412\u041e \u0418 \u041a\u0410\u0420\u041b\u041e\u0412\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f\u0422 \u0412\u0410\u041a\u042a\u0424<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Sofia University<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044a\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0443 (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044a\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435) \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0425V \u0438 \u0425V\u0406 \u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0444\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044a\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0425V \u0432., \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d, \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044a\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0413\u044c\u043e\u043f\u0441\u0430. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u0442 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438, \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Karlovo; Karl\u0131o\u011flu; Karl\u0131zade; waqf; Ottoman empire; Bulgaria; urban history; Ottoman documents<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE TOWN OF KARLOVO AND KARLIO\u011eLU WAQF<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article examines the history and the genealogy of Karl\u0131o\u011flu (Karl\u0131zade) family and the important role that family members played in the complex dynamics of Ottoman politics in the second half of the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries. It examines in detail the founding role of the waqf, established by Karl\u0131o\u011flu Ali bey at the turn of the fifteenth century, for the establishment and the development of the town of Karlovo and the utmost importance of the pious foundation for the affirmation of the town as the administrative, economic, and cultural center of the region of G\u00f6psa. The analysis and arguments, presented in the article are based on European and Ottoman narrative and documentary primary sources, many which hitherto unused by the related scholarship.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Grigor Boykov<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Research Fellow at the Center for Regional Studies and Analyses (CRSA)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>University of Sofia<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art02\"><\/a>\u041e\u0411\u0415\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0415\u041d\u0418\u0415\u0422\u041e \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u041d\u042f\u0416\u0415\u0421\u0422\u0412\u041e \u0411\u042a\u041b\u0413\u0410\u0420\u0418\u042f \u0418 \u0418\u0417\u0422\u041e\u0427\u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0423\u041c\u0415\u041b\u0418\u042f \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0417 1885 \u0413. \u0412 \u041f\u0423\u0411\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418\u0422\u0415 \u041d\u0410 \u041a\u0420\u0410\u041a\u041e\u0412\u0421\u041a\u0418\u042f \u0412\u0421\u0415\u041a\u0418\u0414\u041d\u0415\u0412\u041d\u0418\u041a CZAS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u042f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0420\u0443\u0431\u0430\u0445\u0430 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0412\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u041c\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u041e\u043b\u0449\u0438\u043d \u2013 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0448\u0430<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 1885 \u0433.,\u00a0 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431 \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440, \u0447\u0438\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0413\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044a\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u044a\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0421\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u043d\u044f\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0411\u044a\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u201e\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0434\u201c \u0432 \u0446\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0439\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a Czas (\u201e\u0427\u0430\u0441\u201c \u2013 \u201e\u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u201c \u2013 \u0431.\u043f\u0440.). \u0412\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0445\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Bulgaria; Eastern Rumelia; newspaper \u201cCzas\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>THE UNIFICATION OF THE PRINCIPALITY OF BULGARIA AND EASTERN RUMELIA IN 1885 IN THE PUBLICATIONS\u00a0 OF THE CRACOW NEWSPAPER \u201cCzas\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The growing demand for information in the 19th century significantly influenced the popularity of the press in Europe. This process also included Polish lands, and its effect was the formation of numerous newspapers and magazines. One of them was newspaper \u201cCzas\u201d(\u201cTime\u201d) printed in Krakow, addressed to the conservative part of Polish society in Galicia. This professionally prepared newspaper informed the Polish readers about events that took place in the world and in Europe, and at the turn of 1885 and 1886, devoted a great deal of space to the unification of the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Assoc. Prof. Jaros\u0142aw Rubacha <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art03\"><\/a>J\u00d3ZEF PI\u0141SUDSKI \u2013 CREATOR\u00a0 OF INDEPENDENT POLAND<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>W\u0142odzimierz Suleja <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Institute of National Remembrance \u2013 Poland<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> The article presents the significance of J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski (the Head of the State and the Commander-in-Chief at the beginning of the Polish state re-established in the 20th century) for the process of regaining independence by Poland. Pi\u0142sudski acted in this direction as a socialist activist, a creator of a paramilitary movement before World War I, and a legionary commander in 1914-1916. Without his actions, both on paramilitary and purely political grounds, the process of re-establishment of Poland as a sovereign state would have been significantly hampered and slowed down.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski; Independent Poland; irredentism; Legions; bidding upwards<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Dr. W\u0142odzimierz Suleja <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Historical Research Office<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0Institute of National Remembrance<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong><a name=\"art04\"><\/a>ROMAN DMOWSKI (1864 \u2013 1939)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Krzysztof Kawalec <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0Institute of National Remembrance \u2013 Poland<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0University of Wroc\u0142aw \u2013 Poland<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract.<\/strong> Roman Dmowski (1864 \u2013 1939) was an outstanding political leader, and an evocative and efficient publicist; he authored works that had great influence on his generation\u2019s way of thinking. He was one of those with greatest merits for Poland regaining her independence, but he lost the rivalry for power with J\u00f3zef Pi\u0142sudski. However, when it comes to influencing people\u2019s minds, the result of this competition is much more balanced.<\/p>\n<p><em>Keywords:<\/em> Roman Dmowski; National Democracy; National League; nationalism; political thought; First World War; Poland regaining independence<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prof. Dr Krzysztof Kawalec <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Historical Research Office<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0Institute of National Remembrance<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"#top\">\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CONTENTS of issue 5\/2018\u00a0 \/\u00a0 \u0421\u042a\u0414\u042a\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0439 5\/2018 ANNIVERSARY \/ \u042e\u0411\u0418\u041b\u0415\u0419 \u041f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444. \u0434-\u0440 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 60-\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0443 \u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439) [A Look at the Scientific Activity of Prof. Borislav Gavrilov (In Honor of His 60th Anniversary)] \/ \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0422\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0430 \/ Rositza Tasheva \u2013 455 \u0441\u0442\u0440. \u00a0REGIONAL STUDIES \/\u00a0 \u0420\u0415\u0413\u0418\u041e\u041d\u0410\u041b\u041d\u0418 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"subtitle":"","format":"standard","video":"","gallery":"","source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"0","fullscreen":"0","sidebar":"","second_sidebar":"","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"","share_float_style":"","show_share_counter":"0","show_view_counter":"0","show_featured":"0","show_post_meta":"0","show_post_author":"0","show_post_author_image":"0","show_post_date":"0","post_date_format":"","post_date_format_custom":"","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"","show_post_tag":"0","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"","single_post_gallery_size":""}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"","trending_post_label":""},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""}},"categories":[3610],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - 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